bone mineral density disease

Bone hyperplasia is an increase in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell proliferation. In bones it leads to a thickening of the bone which will result in the obstruction of movement in joints, muscles and ligaments. Pain is its main symptom. This pathological hyperplasia can happen on cervical vertebra, lumbar vertebra, joint, calcaneus and may include hypertrophic spondylitis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, calcaneus spur and so on. Bone hyperplasia can be associated with incorrect posture, age, trauma, and strain.

Bone mineral density otherwise known as BMD is a measure of bone density, reflecting the strength of bones and is represented by calcium content. The BMD test detects osteopenia (mild bone loss, usually without symptoms) and osteoporosis (more severe bone loss, which may cause symptoms).

Calcification in the cervical spine may come with age, the ligaments of the spine can thicken and harden (called calcification). Bones and joints may also enlarge, and bone spurs (called osteophytes) may form. Bulging or herniated discs are also common. Spondylolisthesis (the slipping of one vertebra onto another) also occurs and may lead to compression. Calcification of the cervical region is referring to the area of the neck.

Calcification, lumbar; As people age, the ligaments of the spine can thicken and harden (called calcification). Bones and joints may also enlarge, and bone spurs (called osteophytes) may form. Bulging or herniated discs are also common. Spondylolisthesis (the slipping of one vertebra onto another) also occurs and leads to compression. Calcification of the lumbar region is referring to the area of the lower spine.

Calcification of the sacrum may come with age, the ligaments of the spine can thicken and harden (called calcification). Bones and joints may also enlarge, and bone spurs (called osteophytes) may form. Bulging or herniated discs are also common. The sacroiliac joint connects the sacrum (the triangular bone at the bottom of the lumbar spine) on both sides to the pelvis’s ilium. The sacrum and the ilium are connected with a powerful network of ligaments.

The sacroiliac joint is highly susceptible to enthesitis and inflammation because it undergoes significant physical stresses and It has a relatively high concentration of fibrocartilage at the enthuses.

Sacroiliac joint inflammation can cause radiating pain that travels from the buttock to the thighs or lower back. Continued sacroiliitis and the inflammation-erosion-calcification cycle can eventually lead the bones of the sacroiliac joint to fuse together. While a normal sacroiliac joint has a minimal range of motion measured in just millimeters, sacroiliac joint fusion and immobility can cause pain as well as difficulty with bending forward, backward, and side-to-side.

Calcification of the thoracic may come with age, the ligaments of the spine can thicken and harden (called calcification). Bones and joints may also enlarge, and bone spurs (called osteophytes) may form. Bulging or herniated discs are also common. Spondylolisthesis (the slipping of one vertebra onto another) also occurs and leads to compression. Calcification of the thoracic region is referring to the area of the mid-back.

Calcium loss or calcium deficiency disease, also known as hypocalcemia, increases the risk of developing diseases like osteoporosis. Symptoms of hypocalcemia can include weak hair, nails, memory loss, and seizures.

Osteoclast function is a type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue. This function is critical in the maintenance, repair, and remodeling of bones of the vertebral skeleton. The osteoclast disassembles and digests the composite of hydrated protein and minerals at a molecular level by secreting acid and a collagenase, a process known as bone resorption. This process also helps regulate the level of blood calcium.

Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D. The body constantly absorbs and replaces bone tissue. With osteoporosis, new bone creation doesn’t keep up with old bone removal.

Rheumatism or rheumatic disorder is an umbrella term for conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints and/or connective tissue. Any disease marked by inflammation and pain in the joints, muscles, or fibrous tissues, especially rheumatoid arthritis. The term “rheumatism”, however, does not designate any specific disorder, but covers at least 200 different conditions